Phototherapy & Treatment Options for Newborn Jaundice

How Phototherapy Works

During phototherapy, the baby is exposed to specific wavelengths of blue light (typically 430–490 nm) that penetrate the skin and convert unconjugated bilirubin into water-soluble isomers. These can be excreted by the baby's body through urine and stool without requiring liver processing.

The treatment is painless and generally well-tolerated. The baby's eyes are protected with soft eye shields, and healthcare providers monitor bilirubin levels at regular intervals to assess treatment progress.

Types of Phototherapy Devices

Overhead phototherapy units use LED or fluorescent light panels positioned above the baby. These are commonly used in hospital NICUs and are effective for moderate to severe jaundice cases.

Fibreoptic phototherapy pads (also known as biliblankets) deliver light through a flexible pad placed under or wrapped around the baby. These are portable and often used for home-based phototherapy when clinically appropriate.

The choice of device depends on the severity of jaundice, the baby's overall health, and the treating doctor's recommendation.

Hospital vs Home Phototherapy

Hospital-based phototherapy is recommended for babies with high bilirubin levels, premature infants, or babies with additional health concerns. The NICU environment provides continuous monitoring and immediate medical support.

Home phototherapy may be considered for otherwise healthy babies with mild to moderate jaundice, provided the treating doctor approves and regular follow-up bilirubin testing is scheduled. This option can reduce the need for extended hospitalisation while keeping the baby in a comfortable family environment.